How the planning system works
Planning ensures that the right development happens in the right place at the right time, benefitting communities, the environment and the economy. It plays a critical role in identifying what type of development is required and where, which areas need to be protected or enhanced, and whether proposed development is sustainable. The National Planning Policy Framework, Local Plans and Neighbourhood Development Plans play an important role achieving these objectives.
Throughout England, Unitary, County, District and Borough Councils deliver the functions of the Local Planning Authority (LPA). Occassionally, such powers may be devolved further to Town or Parish Councils.
The London Boroughs and Unitary authorities determine applications relating to all planning matters. The will also produce the Local Plan applicable to their area, although the Greater London Authority (GLA) produces a strategic plan for the whole of London which the Boroughs must take into accout when preparing their Plans and determining planning applications. The GLA can also recover applications for their own consideration.
Elsewhere, District and Borough Councils determine the vast majority of planning applications, assessed against their individual Local Plans. This is with the exception of County Councils who prepare Minerals and Waste Plans and determine applications for such related matters. They may also determine their own applications for roads, schools and to support other County functions.
The Government has produced a Plain English guide to the planning system and further advice is available in Planning Practice Guidance.